Black Red and White Winged Bird Fox Creature Art

Mythical bird

The three-legged (or tripedal) crow is a mythological brute in various mythologies and arts of Eastern asia. It is believed to inhabit and represent the Dominicus.

Evidence of the earliest bird-Sun motif or totemic articles excavated effectually 5000 B.C. from the lower Yangtze River delta surface area. This bird-Sunday totem heritage was observed in later Yangshao and Longshan cultures.^[1] The Chinese have several versions of crow and crow-Sun tales. But the well-nigh popular depiction and myth of the Sun crow is that of the Yangwu or Jinwu, the "gilt crow".^[ii] It has too been found figured on ancient coins from Lycia and Pamphylia.^[iii]

Communist china [edit]

Landscape from the Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD) plant in Henan province depicting a three-legged crow.

The sanzuwu in a disc representing the sun (top row: right) is one of the twelve ornaments which decorates the Regal garments in People's republic of china.

In Chinese mythology and culture, the iii-legged crow is called the sanzuwu (simplified Chinese: 三足乌; traditional Chinese: 三足烏; pinyin: sān zú wū ; Cantonese: sam¹zuk¹wu¹ ; Shanghainese: sae tsoh u) and is present in many myths. It is also mentioned in the Shanhaijing. The earliest known depiction of a 3-legged crow appears in Neolithic pottery of the Yangshao culture.^[4]

The sanzuwu in a disc represents the sun and is besides one of the Twelve ornaments that is used in the decoration of formal imperial garments in aboriginal Cathay.^{[5] [6] [7]}

Lord's day crow in Chinese mythology [edit]

The most pop depiction and myth of a sanzuwu is that of a sun crow called the Yangwu (陽烏; yángwū ) or more ordinarily referred to as the Jīnwū (金烏; jīnwū ) or "aureate crow". Even though it is described as a crow or raven, information technology is commonly coloured cherry-red instead of black.^[ix] A silk painting from the Western Han excavated at the Mawangdui archaeological site also depicts a "golden crow" in the sunday.^[8]

Brick with Fuxi and Nüwa property the sunday and moon disc respectively, Eastern Han dynasty, 25-220 AD.

In aboriginal Chinese depictions, the Chinese god of cosmos, Fuxi, is often depicted conveying the dominicus disk with the jīnwū (金烏; jīnwū ; 'aureate crow') while the Chinese goddess of cosmos, Nüwa, holds the moon disk which contains a gilded stripped toad.^[ten]

According to folklore, there were originally ten sun crows which settled in 10 separate suns. They perched on a red mulberry tree called the Fusang (扶桑; fúsāng ), literally meaning "the leaning mulberry tree", in the East at the human foot of the Valley of the Sun. This mulberry tree was said to have many mouths opening from its branches.^[11] Each twenty-four hour period i of the sun crows would be rostered to travel effectually the earth on a carriage, driven past Xihe, the 'mother' of the suns. Equally shortly as i sun crow returned, another one would gear up forth in its journey crossing the sky. According to Shanhaijing, the sun crows loved eating two grasses of immortality, one called the Diri (地日; dìrì ), or "footing lord's day", and the other the Chunsheng (春生; chūnshēng ), or "jump grow". The sun crows would oft descend from sky on to the earth and feast on these grasses, just Xihe did non similar this; thus, she covered their eyes to forestall them from doing and then.^[12] Folklore also held that, at around 2170 BC, all ten sun crows came out on the same twenty-four hour period, causing the world to burn down; Houyi, the celestial archer saved the day by shooting down all but one of the lord's day crows. (See Mid-Autumn Festival for variants of this legend.)

The Queen Mother of the West sits upon a throne, flanked past Tiger (west, fall, yin) and Dragon (east, spring, yang). She is surrounded by a nine-tailed fox, two seated women, a leaping frog, a male attendant, and a three-legged crow, Eastern Han Dynasty, 25 AD - 220 Advertising.

The sanzuwu is likewise depicted with the Queen Female parent of the Westward (Chinese: 西王母; pinyin: Xi Wangmu ) who are believed to be her messengers.^[5]

Other tripedal creatures in Chinese mythology [edit]

In Chinese mythology, in that location are other three-legged creatures besides the crow, for instance, the yu 魊 "a 3-legged tortoise that causes malaria".^[13]

The 3-legged crow symbolizing the sunday has a yin yang counterpart in the chánchú 蟾蜍 "3-legged toad" symbolizing the moon (along with the moon rabbit). According to an ancient tradition, this toad is the transformed Chang'e lunar deity who stole the elixir of life from her husband Houyi the archer, and fled to the moon where she was turned into a toad.^[14]

The Fènghuáng is commonly depicted every bit beingness two-legged just in that location are some instances in art in which information technology has a three-legged appearance.^{[15] [16]}

Xi Wangmu (Queen Mother of the West) is too said to accept three green birds (青鳥; qīngniǎo ) that gathered food for her and in Han-flow religious art they were depicted as having 3 legs.^{[17] [18]} In the Yongtai Tomb dating to the Tang Dynasty Era, when the Cult of 11 Wangu flourished, the birds are as well shown as being three-legged.^[19]

Japan [edit]

In Japanese mythology, this flying creature is a raven or a jungle crow called Yatagarasu ( 八咫烏 , "viii-span crow") ^[xx] and the appearance of the dandy bird is construed as evidence of the will of Heaven or divine intervention in human affairs.^[21]

Although Yatagarasu is mentioned in a number of places in Shintō, the depictions are primarily seen on Edo wood fine art, dating back to the early 1800s wood-fine art era. Although not every bit celebrated today, the crow is a mark of rebirth and rejuvenation; the animate being that has historically cleaned up after great battles symbolized the renaissance after such tragedy.

Yatagarasu every bit a crow-god is a symbol specifically of guidance. This great crow was sent from heaven as a guide for legendary Emperor Jimmu on his initial journey from the region which would become Kumano to what would become Yamato, (Yoshino and then Kashihara). Information technology is generally accepted that Yatagarasu is an incarnation of Kamotaketsunimi no Mikoto, merely none of the early surviving documentary records are quite so specific.^[22]

In more than one instance, Yatagarasu appears every bit a three legged crow non in Kojiki but in Wamyō Ruijushō.

Both the Nippon Football Association and subsequently its administered teams such as the Japan national football team use the symbol of Yatagarasu in their emblems and badges respectively.^[23] The winner of the Emperor's Cup is besides given the accolade of wearing the Yatagarasu emblem the following season.

Although the Yatagarasu is unremarkably perceived every bit a three-legged crow, there is in fact no mention of information technology being such in the original Kojiki. Consequently, it is theorised that this is a result of a after possible misinterpretation during the Heian period that the Yatagarasu and the Chinese Yangwu refer to an identical entity.

Korea [edit]

Three-legged crow flanked by dragon and phoenix. Mural from the Korean Goguryeo period, Ohoe Tomb nº 4, 6th - seventh century, Ji'an, China.

In Korean mythology, it is known as Samjogo (hangul: 삼족오 ; hanja: 三足烏 - literally "three-legged crow"). During the Goguryo period, the ancient Korean people idea the Samjok-o to be a symbol of the sunday and of great power, ofttimes representing the Taewang (hangul: 태왕; hanja: 太王 - literally "Emperor" or "Greatest of Kings") and Goguryeo's sovereignty. It was likewise believed that the three-legged crow lived in the dominicus while a toad lived in the moon. The Samjok-o is such a highly respected symbol of ability, even superior to both the dragon and the Korean bonghwang, that it carried into Silla, Goryeo, Joseon, and mod Korea.

Samjoko appeared in the story Yeonorang Seonyeo. A couple, Yeono and Seo, lived on the embankment of the E Sea in 157 (King Adalala 4), and rode to Japan on a moving rock. The Japanese took two people to Nippon as kings and noblemen. At that fourth dimension, the light of the sun and the moon disappeared in Silla. King Adalala sent an official to Japan to return the couple, but Yeono said to take the silk that was made by his wife, Seo, and sacrifice it to the sky. Equally he said this, the dominicus and moon were brighter again.^[24]

In modern Korea, Samjok-o is still found especially in dramas such as Jumong. The iii-legged crow was one of several emblems under consideration to replace the bonghwang in the Korean seal of country when its revision was considered in 2008.^[25] The Samjok-o appears too in Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors FC's current emblem. There are some Korean companies using Samjok-o as their corporate logos.

The sun god carrying the sun disc, Goguryeo murals from the Ohoe tomb, Late sixth - 7th century, Ji'an, Communist china.

Meet also [edit]

• Birds in Chinese mythology

References [edit]

Citations [edit]

1. ^ Chinese Prehistory
2. ^ Yatagrarasu: The three-legged crow and its possible origins
3. ^ Volker, T. (1975). The Animal in Far Eastern Art and Especially in the Fine art of the Japanese. Brill. p. 39.
4. ^ Allan, Sarah (1991), The shape of the turtle: myth, fine art, and cosmos in early China, SUNY Press, p. 31, ISBN0-7914-0460-9
5. ^ ^{a b} Welch, Patricia Bjaaland (2012). Chinese fine art : a guide to motifs and visual imagery. Boston, United states of america: Tuttle Publishing. p. 164. ISBN978-1-4629-0689-5. OCLC 893707208.
6. ^ Yuan, Zujie (2007). "Dressing for power: Rite, costume, and land potency in Ming Dynasty China". Frontiers of History in Cathay. ii (2): 181–212. doi:ten.1007/s11462-007-0012-x. ISSN 1673-3401. S2CID 195069294.
7. ^ Wen, Benebell (2016). The Tao of arts and crafts : fu talismans and casting sigils in the Eastern esoteric tradition. Berkeley, California. p. 343. ISBN978-1-62317-067-7. OCLC 939277861.
8. ^ ^{a b} "T-shaped painting on silk from Xin Zhui'south tomb". Hunan Museum.
9. ^ Katherine M. Ball (2004). Beast motifs in Asian art: an illustrated guide to their meanings and aesthetics. Courier Dover Publications. p. 241. ISBN978-0-486-43338-7.
10. ^ Ma, Boying (2020). History Of Medicine In Chinese Culture, A (In ii Volumes). Globe Scientific Publishing Company. p. 108. ISBN9789813238008.
11. ^ Allan 1991, p. 27
12. ^ Lihui Yang; Deming An; Jessica Anderson Turner (2005). Handbook of Chinese mythology. ABC-CLIO. pp. 95–96. ISBN978-ane-57607-806-8.
13. ^ Wolfram Eberhard (1968), The Local Cultures of South and E People's republic of china, E.J. Brill, 193-195.
14. ^ Wolfram Eberhard (1986), A Dictionary of Chinese Symbols: Hidden Symbols in Chinese Life and Thought, Routledge, 292.
15. ^ Feng Huang, Emperor of Birds
16. ^ Ancient Screw: The Phoenix Archived 2008-05-17 at the Wayback Machine
17. ^ Richard E. Strassberg (2002). A Chinese bestiary: strange creatures from the guideways through mountains and seas. University of California Press. p. 195. ISBN978-0-520-21844-iv.
18. ^ Xi Wangmu Summary
19. ^ China 1999 - Tang Dynasty Twenty-four hour period
20. ^ Ponsonby-Fane (1953), pp. 143–152
21. ^ Ponsonby-Fane (1963), p. 11
22. ^ Ponsonby-Fane (1953), p. 147
23. ^ Organisation｜JFA｜Japan Football game Association
24. ^ "삼족오". 한국민속대백과사전.
25. ^ "Three-Legged Bird to Replace Phoenix on Country Seal," Archived 2006-01-18 at the Wayback Machine Chosun Ilbo (Seoul). January 16, 2006.

Sources [edit]

• Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon (1953). Studies in Shintō and Shrines: Papers Selected from the Works of the Tardily R.A.B. Ponsonby-Fane, LL. D. Dr. Richard Ponsonby-Fane Serial. Vol. 1. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 374884.
• Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon (1963). The Vicissitudes of Shinto. Dr. Richard Ponsonby Fane Series. Vol. 5. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 36655.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-legged_crow